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Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: An evidence-based practitioners guide

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Table of Contents

  1. Signs and symptoms
  2. Diagnosis
  3. Causes
  4. Nutrition
  5. Supplementation
  6. Summary

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most prevalent autoimmune thyroid disorder (AITD) globally, with a prevalence of 17.5% in women and 6% in men. Characterised by loss of self-tolerance by the immune system, with T-cell attack and subsequent lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of the follicular cells by anti-thyroid antibodies, HT leads to fibrosis, atrophy, and loss of function of the thyroid gland.

Key highlights

  • HT leads to fibrosis, atrophy, and loss of function of the thyroid gland.
  • Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, low mood, anxiety, cold intolerance, and dry skin.
  • Diagnosed by detecting anti-thyroid antibodies (Anti-TPO, TG-Abs). Some may show symptoms and positive ultrasound results without antibodies.
  • Age, genetics, autoimmune diseases, and environmental triggers (age, toxins, infections, sex steroids, diet) contribute to HT.
  • Iodine, selenium, myo-inositol, iron, vitamin D, and zinc support thyroid function. A gluten-free diet and stress management are beneficial
  • Stress and trauma affect HT by altering the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-thyroid axis and immune response.

Topics

Hashimoto's thyroiditisPostpartum